Do ghosts exist? What 7 major religions believe

By Naciima Mohamed

The concept of spirits and ghosts has intrigued and fascinated humanity for centuries. Different cultures and religions around the world have developed unique beliefs and interpretations about what happens to a person’s spirit after death and whether ghosts exist. In this article, we will explore the diverse perspectives on spirits and ghosts held by various religious traditions.

1. Roman Catholicism
Roman Catholics believe that when someone dies, their spirit goes to heaven, hell, or purgatory, depending on their life’s deeds and relationship with God. Ghosts, as commonly understood in popular culture, are not considered to be the spirits of the dead in Catholicism. Instead, they are often seen as malevolent spirits or demons. The attempt to contact spirits through mediums or other means is strictly forbidden in Catholic doctrine.

2. Lutheranism
In this protestant religion, believers do not hold specific beliefs about the existence of ghosts, as there is no clear biblical evidence to support or deny their existence. However, Lutherans emphasize biblical teachings against occultism and attempting to contact the dead. While they do not speculate on the existence of ghosts, they caution against practices that go against biblical principles.

3. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS)
In the LDS tradition, there is no firm doctrine on whether ghosts exist. Some leaders and members have speculated that the spirits of the deceased may be closer to the living than in other traditions. However, the Church warns against engaging in occult practices, seances, Ouija boards, and spiritualism, viewing them as tools of Satan. Spirits contacted by mediums are often believed to be demons or devils who rebelled against God.

4. Islam
Muslims believe that when a person dies, their soul remains in the grave, and a barrier separates the living from the dead. Souls cannot return to the living world, ascend to heaven, or descend to hell immediately after death. Islam recognizes the existence of jinn, another creation of Allah, which can sometimes appear as “ghosts” to lead people astray. In the Quran, it says, “And the jinn We created before from scorching fire.” – Quran 15:27 (Sahih International). These jinn are also physically invisible and possess the power to take on different forms.

5. Judaism
Jews believe spirits are multifaceted. According to Jewish tradition, when a person dies, their spirit is divided into three aspects. One aspect goes to heaven shortly after death, one wanders around the physical plane seeking the body it came from and eventually fades away, and another remains by the buried body forever. Jewish folklore includes the concept of dybbuks, malevolent spirits of deceased individuals who may possess living humans, and ibburs, benevolent spirits that can “impregnate” themselves in humans, acting as spiritual guides or guardian angels. In the Leviticus, third book of the Torah, it says, “Do not turn to mediums or necromancers; do not seek them out, and so make yourselves unclean by them: I am the Lord your God.” – Leviticus 19:31.

6. Buddhism
Both Tibetan and Indian Buddhists believe in ghosts. Ghosts occupy a distinct realm, and a person can be reincarnated as a ghost meant to work out bad karma.  In the Buddhist Scripture, Jataka Tales, it says, “Hungry ghosts have enormous stomachs and long, thin necks, so they are constantly tormented by hunger and thirst.” In another Buddhist Scripture, the Tibetan Book of the Dead, it says, “Those who engage in harmful actions will have to suffer in the lower realms, such as being reborn as hungry ghosts.” The hungry ghosts, described as having bloated bellies and tiny mouths, represent those who suffer from insatiable desires. Devas, on the other hand, are benevolent spirits who live comfortable lives.

7. Hinduism
Many believers hold beliefs in ghosts, often associated with individuals who experienced unnatural deaths or were denied proper Hindu death rituals, such as Shraadha or Tarpan. These ghosts are believed to be unable to possess people and can attain peace through the performance of their death rituals.

The beliefs about spirits and ghosts vary significantly across different religions. While some traditions have well-defined doctrines on the afterlife and the existence of ghosts, others remain more ambiguous or emphasize caution against attempting to contact spirits. Understanding these diverse beliefs provides insight into the complex tapestry of human spirituality and the ways different cultures interpret the mysteries of life and death.

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